[Pharm-policy] NCI role in the development of 50 anticancer drugs

[Thiru Balasubramaniam]

Thanks to Marg Gartland from Dr. Robert Wittes's office, we have located
a very useful document regarding the US government role in the
development of cancer drugs. The information below is taken from the NCI
publication: Division of Cancer Treatment, Program Information Booklet,
Fiscal Year 1995. The document identifies "All Anticancer Drugs That
Have Received FDA Approval for Marketing in the United States" as of
January 1, 1996.  Apparently fifty of the seventy-seven anticancer drugs
were were the product of NCI sponsored INDs (Investigational New
Drugs).  Here are the data, with the preceeding * indicating the product
was based upon an NCI sponsored IND.  

 Thiru

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All Anticancer Drugs That Have Received FDA Approval for
Marketing in the United States

(As of January 1, 1996)

Alkylating Agents-12


Mechlorethamine (Mustargen) (1949)
TEM (1953)
Busulfan (Myleran)(1954)
*Chlorambucil(Leukeran)(1957)
*Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)(1959)
*Thiotepa (1959)
Uracil Mustard (1962)
*Melphalan (L-PAM, Alkeran) (1959)
Pipobroman (Vercyte) (1966)
*Streptozotocin (Zanosar) (1982)
*Ifosfamide (Ifex) (1988)
*Melphalan (IV) (1993)


Antimetabolites-9

*Mercaptopurine (6-MP) (1953)
*Methotrexate (1953)
Fluorouracil (5-FU) (1962)
*Thioguanine (6-TG) (1966)
*Cytosine Arabinoside (Ara-C) (1969)
*FUDR (1970)
*Fludarabine Phosphate (1991)
*Pentostatin (1991)
*Chlorodeoxyadenosine (1992)


Plant Alkaloids and Antibiotics-15

Vinblastine (Velban) (1961)
*Vincristine (Oncovin) (1963)
*Actinomycin D (Cosmegen) (1964)
*Mithramycin (Mithracin) (1970)
*Bleomycin (Blenoxane) (1973)
*Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) (1974)
*Mitomycin C (Mutamycin) (1974)
*L-Asparaginase (Elspar) (1978)
*Daunomycin (Cerubidine) (1979)
*VP-16-213 (Etoposide) (1983)
Idarubicin (Idamycin) (1990)
*VM-26 (Teniposide) (1992)
*Taxol (Paclitaxel) (1992)
Navelibine (1994)
Doxorubicin Liposome Inj. (Doxil) (1995)


Synthetics-13

*Hydroxyurea (Hydrea) (1967)
*Procarbazine (Matulane) (1969)
*o-p -DDD (Lysodren, Mitotane) (1970)
*Dacarbazine (DTIC) (1975)
*CCNU (Lomustine) (1976)
*BCNU (Carmustine) (1977)
*Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (Cis-platin) (1978)
*Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) (1988)
*Carboplatin (Paraplatin) (1989)
*Levamisole (Ergamisol) (1990)
*Hexamethylmelamine (Hexalen) (1990)
*All-trans retinoid Acid (Vessanoid) (1995)
*Porfimer sodium (Photofrin) (1995)

Hormones and Steroids-23

Ethinyl Estradiol (1949)
*DES (1950)
Testosterone (1950)
*Prednisone (1953)
*Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin) (1958)
*Dromostanolone (Drolban) (1961)
*Testolactone (Teslac) (1970)
Megestrol Acetate (Megace) (1971)
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) (1978)
*Methyl Prednisolone
Methyltestosterone
*Prednisolone
Triamcinolone
Chlorotrianisene (TACE)
Hydroxyprogesterone (Delalutin)
Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren)
Estramustine (Emcyt)
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo-Provera, Provera)
Leuprolide (Lupron) (1985)
Flutamide (Eulexin( (1989)
*Zoladex (1989)
Bicalutamide (Casodex) (1995)
Anastrozole (Arimidex) (1995)

Biologicals-5

*Alpha Interferon (Intron A, Roferon-A) (1986)
*BCG (TheraCys, TICE) (1990)
*G-CSF (1991)
*GM-CSF (1991)
*Interleukin-2 (Proleukin) (1992)

Grand Total-77

*IND sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (total INDs
sponsored by NCI=50)