[Ip-health] Re: [A2k] IPR & competitiveness [Job and Growth Initiative] - EU
Memo]
mpalmedo@cptech.org
mpalmedo@cptech.org
Fri May 5 11:21:02 2006
The US presidents's Council of Economic Advisors disagrees with the simple
idea that strong IP automatically equals strong economic growth. They do
favor strong IP, but they see it as one of many things necessary to drive
innovation. They also acknowledge that strong IP comes with undesirable
social costs.
Excerpts from the 2006 Economic Report of th President on this were
previously posted to ip-health:
http://lists.essential.org/pipermail/ip-health/2006-March/009223.html
Mike
Michelle Childs wrote:
> --
> Below is a long Memo from the EU Commission which sets out what the EU is
> doing on IPR- with most focus on patents. Main message more patents=3D mo=
re
> innovation therefore the job of the Commission is to encouraging
> patenting.
> The meom was headed: 'Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) at the heart of
> the Commission's job and growth initiative '
>
> Michelle
>
> It makes a number of interesting statements:
>
> <snip> The European Innovation Scoreboard 2005 provides empirical evidenc=
e
> that a lower level of patenting to a large extent accounts for the
> difference in innovation performance between EU countries and to the
> innovation gap between Europe, the US and Japan.
>
> Also some stats:
> <SNIP>
> Statistics on patent applications in 2005
> In absolute numbers Germany has by far the highest number of patent
> applications with over 23 000 in 2005. France follows with 8 034 and The
> Netherlands with nearly 7 800, while the UK only put in 4 649 application=
s
> in 2005.
>
> The top 25 applicants[to the EPO] represent about 18% of the patent
> applications filed with the EPO. On average, 69% of the applicants at the
> EPO are granted one patent per year (US: 63%, Japan: 66%). 1% of the
> applicants receive more than 50 patent grants per year (US: 1%, Japan
> 2%).
>
> It also sets out a number of upcoming studies on IPR usage and projects
> such as PROTON:
>
> <snip>.The objective of PROTON is to boost the commercial uptake of
> publicly funded R&D throughout Europe by further developing the
> professional skills of their technology interface structures with
> industry.
>
>
> EU MEMO Text
>
>
> http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=3DMEMO/06/181=
&format=3DHTML&aged=3D0&language=3DEN&guiLanguage=3Den
> MEMO/06/181
> Brussels, 3 May 2006
> Part II
> Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) at the heart of the Commission's job
> and growth initiative
>
> There is a very close link between IPR and the competitiveness of the EU
> economy. A proper, affordable IPR system is important to foster
> innovation. The European Inventor of the Year event offers an opportunity
> to highlight the achievements of European inventors. Knowledge and
> Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are core elements
> of the revised growth and jobs initative. On this occasion the following
> ongoing key Commission policies regarding IPR should be highlighted (see
> IP/558):
>
>
> Innovation performance: Europe falls back vis-=E0-vis the US and Japan
> The European Innovation Scoreboard 2005 provides empirical evidence that =
a
> lower level of patenting to a large extent accounts for the difference in
> innovation performance between EU countries and to the innovation gap
> between Europe, the US and Japan. However, leading Member States have a
> patenting activity similar to US one; they register twice as much EPO
> patents as the US, and the US registers twice as much USPTO patents as
> them. The available data clearly shows that patent indicators are highly
> correlated to countries global innovation performance. Countries doing
> well in terms of innovation performance also score high in patenting.
>
> Figure: Innovation performance vs patenting activity
> [Graphic in PDF & Word format]
> The available data clearly shows a strong correlation between a strong
> IPR-culture and good innovation performance.
> Statistics on patent applications in 2005
> In absolute numbers Germany has by far the highest number of patent
> applications with over 23 000 in 2005. France follows with 8 034 and The
> Netherlands with nearly 7 800, while the UK only put in 4 649 application=
s
> in 2005.
> Origin Total
>
>
> Austria 1 053 0,82%
> Belgium 1 658 1,29%
> Bulgaria 11 0,01%
> Switzerland 5 027 3,91%
> Cyprus 35 0,03%
> Czech Republic 73,06%
> Germany 23 789 18,49%
> Danmark 1 174 0,91%
> Estonia 3 0,00%
> Spain 972 0,76%
> Finland 1 514 1,18%
> France 8 034 6,24%
> United Kingdom 4 649 3,61%
> Hellas 67 0,05%
> Hungary 81 0,06%
> Ireland 311 0,24%
> Iceland 28 0,02%
> Italy 4 199 3,26%
> Lithuania 152 0,12%
> Latvia 1 0,00%
> Luxemburg 181 0,14%
> Latvia 7 0,01%
> Monaco 15 0,01%
> Netherlands 7 799 6,06%
> Poland 111 0,09%
> Portugal 41 0,03%
> Romania 8 0,01%
> Sweden 2 486 1,93%
> SIovenia 87 0,07%
> Slovakia 16 0,01%
> Turkey 68 0,05%
> EPC 63 650 49,46%
>
>
>
>
> Japan 21 461 16,68%
> USA 32 738 25,44%
> Other 10 830 8,42%
> non EPC 65 029 50,54%
>
>
>
>
> Total 128679 100,0%
>
>
> Top applicants at the EPO
> Among the ten largest applicants at the EPO there are four European
> companies, three companies from Japan, two from Korea and one from the US=
:
> Top Applicants at the EPO in 2005
>
> Rank Company Count Share
> 1 KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V. 4173 3,2%
> 2 SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT 1548 1,2%
> 3 MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 1194 0,9%
> 4 SONY CORPORATION 964 0,7%
> 5 ROBERT BOSCH GMBH 845 0,7%
> 6 NOKIA CORPORATION 683 0,5%
> 7 FUJITSU LIMITED 672 0,5%
> 8 BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT 669 0,5%
> 9 MICROSOFT CORPORATION 645 0,5%
> 10 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. 617 0,5%
> 11 PHILIPS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY & STANDARDS GMBH 571 0,4%
> 12 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY 507 0,4%
> 13 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION 491 0,4%
> 14 THOMSON LICENSING 479 0,4%
> 15 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY 462 0,4%
> 16 L'OREAL S.A. 448 0,3%
> 17 CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA 437 0,3%
> 18 DSM IP ASSETS B.V. 390 0,3%
> 19 DELPHI TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 388 0,3%
> 20 LG ELECTRONICS INC. 385 0,3%
> 21 SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION 383 0,3%
> 22 DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG 367 0,3%
> 23 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY 356 0,3%
> 24 RESEARCH IN MOTION LIMITED 353 0,3%
> 25 NEC CORPORATION 342 0,3%
>
> The top 25 applicants represent about 18% of the patent applications file=
d
> with the EPO. On average, 69% of the applicants at the EPO are granted on=
e
> patent per year (US: 63%, Japan: 66%). 1% of the applicants receive more
> than 50 patent grants per year (US: 1%, Japan 2%).
>
> More information on the EIS, European innovation scoreboard:
> http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=3DIP/06/21&fo=
rmat=3DHTML&aged=3D1&language=3DEN&guiLanguage=3Den
> More information on the EIS, European innovation scoreboard:
> http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=3DIP/06/21&fo=
rmat=3DHTML&aged=3D1&language=3DEN&guiLanguage=3Den
>
> Europe needs an effective IPT system
> It is therefore demanding that the EU works upon its weaknesses and turns
> them into strengths. Even though the concrete scope and shape of IPR
> protection at the EU level is debateable, a sound and effective IPR
> framework should aim to contribute to:
> * Better economic performance, through giving firms the right incentiv=
es
> to make new inventions and the financial strength to continue to develop
> further innovation;
> * More efficient dissemination of new knowledge and ideas, through
> encouraging intellectual property owners to publish their ideas and place
> their inventions on the market;
> * Better products and services, through continuous product development=
,
> whilst at the same time safeguarding health and safety and environmental
> protection through conformity with market regulations.
>
> Community framework for patents is lacking
> Proposals have been made, including one on the Community Patent, and
> another on Computer Implemented Inventions. However, they have not yet
> received sufficient political support to ensure their adoption. The
> adoption of the Community patent would reduce the costs of patenting as
> well as increase legal security for European enterprises in general. This
> would certainly contribute to a better protection of intellectual propert=
y
> in Europe. The Commission has recently started a consultation exercise on
> the Community patent and possible alternatives, such as the development o=
f
> a "European Patent Litigation Agreement" or the closer harmonisation and
> mutual recognition of Member State patents.
>
> Reinforcing the IPR-culture throughout Europe
> More also needs to be done however on awareness raising and supporting
> enterprises, especially SMEs in valorising their intellectual property an=
d
> using intellectual property rights. The Commission strives to encourage
> SMEs to valorise their intellectual property and make use of IPRs.
>
> The Commission is undertaking a number of actions to assess what other
> support measures can be taken. An Expert Group will draft policy
> recommendations by end 2006, as part of the Commission's IPR-Initiative
> announced in the Industrial Policy Communication of autumn 2005. The
> recommendations will focus on how barriers to the use of IPR can be
> removed and how the relation between IPR and innovation can be
> strengthened. A specific TrendChart Workshop will validate these policy
> recommendations.
>
> The policy recommendations will have three building blocks.
> * 1. A special statistical report on IPR usage will further analyse ho=
w
> companies use IPR in different sectors, building upon the results of the
> European Innovation Scoreboard. This report is foreseen for May 2006.
> * 2. A report on barriers to the effective use of IPR will be
produced by
> the Commission's Europe INNOVA. Sectoral Innovation Panels by June 2006.
> This Report will identify the reasons for companies using or not using
> intellectual property rights and possible policy measures in response.
> * 3. A benchmarking study on publicly-funded IPR support services was
> launched in January 2006. It will identify all existing regional and
> national support measures for companies in the field of IPR, assess their
> efficiency and identify good practices.
>
> Based on these elements, it will be possible to identify where companies
> experience difficulties, whether government measures address these issues
> and propose points for improvement.
>
> Furthermore, a number of specific IPR initiatives in support of
> enterprises will be launched under PRO INNO Europe, which supports
> trans-national cooperation, including the European Design Prize and the
> project led by the European Patent Office on "training the trainers" in
> IPR support services.
>
> PROTON Europe is a network of technology transfer offices linked to Publi=
c
> Research Organisations and Universities. It is supported by the EC under
> the Gate2Growth initiative. A significant amount of top research with
> current or potential commercial relevance is undertaken in universities
> and research institutions in Europe. The objective of PROTON is to boost
> the commercial uptake of publicly funded R&D throughout Europe by further
> developing the professional skills of their technology interface
> structures with industry.
>
> More information: www.protoneurope.org/
>
> The IPR Helpdesk provides free-of-charge basic guidance on intellectual
> property issues to the stakeholders. Its main achievements are a range of
> multilingual tools: website, newsletter, topic documents. It also manages
> a fast-reply helpline for individual queries.
> More information: http://www.ipr-helpdesk.org/index.htm
>
> Enforcing IPR in the fight against counterfeiting and product piracy
> Counterfeiting is one of the major problems that the Commission has to
> cope with. From 2000 to 2005, customs seizures have increased by 1000%,
> while counterfeiting is no longer limited only to fashion and design
> articles, but is extended to medicines and electrical equipment. The
> enforcement of intellectual property rights in third countries is more
> than ever critical. The Commissions actions include:
> * Close cooperation between Member States and the Commission must go
on to
> continuously improve our custom control system.
> * Speedy and reliable information exchange between authorities from
> different Member States remains an important issue.
> * Intensive cooperation between right-holders and customs authorities
> * Activities are ongoing under the Commission's action plan for an
> efficient customs response to counterfeiting and piracy.
> * The Commission has just proposed to introduce criminal law
provisions to
> combat intellectual property offences .
> - IP/06/532
> <http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=3DIP/06/532&=
format=3DHTML&aged=3D0&language=3DEN&guiLanguage=3Dfr>
>
>
>
> --
> Michelle Childs -Head of European Affairs
> Consumer Project on Technology in London
> 24, Highbury Crescent, London, N5 1RX,UK.
> Tel:+44(0)207 226 6663 ex 252.
> Mob:+44(0)790 386 4642. Fax: +44(0)207 354 0607
> http://www.cptech.org
>
> Consumer Project on Technology in Washington, DC
> 1621 Connecticut Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20009 USA .Tel.:
> +1.202.332.2670,Fax: +1.202.332.2673
>
> Consumer Project on Technology in Geneva
> 1 Route des Morillons, CP 2100, 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland
> Tel: +41 22 791 6727
>
>
> --
> [ Converted text/html to text/plain ]
>
> FYI
>
> E
>
> http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=3DMEMO/06/181=
&format=3DHTML&aged=3D0&language=3DEN&guiLanguage=3Den[1]
>
> MEMO/06/181
>
> Brussels, 3 May 2006
>
> Part II
>
> Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) at the heart of the Commissions job an=
d
> growth initiative
>
> There is a very close link between IPR and the competitiveness of the EU
> economy. A proper, affordable IPR system is important to foster innovatio=
n.
> The European Inventor of the Year event offers an opportunity to
highlight the
> achievements of European inventors. Knowledge and Intellectual Property
Rights
> (IPR) are core elements of the revised growth and jobs initative. On this
> occasion the following ongoing key Commission policies regarding IPR
should be
> highlighted (see IP/558):
>
> Innovation performance: Europe falls back vis-=E0-vis the US and Japan
>
> The European Innovation Scoreboard 2005 provides empirical evidence that =
a
> lower level of patenting to a large extent accounts for the difference in
> innovation performance between EU countries and to the innovation gap
between
> Europe, the US and Japan. However, leading Member States have a patenting
> activity similar to US one; they register twice as much EPO patents as
the US,
> and the US registers twice as much USPTO patents as them. The available
data
> clearly shows that patent indicators are highly correlated to countries
global
> innovation performance. Countries doing well in terms of innovation
> performance also score high in patenting.
>
> Figure: Innovation performance vs patenting activity
>
> [Graphic in PDF & Word format]
> The available data clearly shows a strong correlation between a strong
> IPR-culture and good innovation performance.
>
> Statistics on patent applications in 2005
>
> In absolute numbers Germany has by far the highest number of patent
> applications with over 23 000 in 2005. France follows with 8 034 and The
> Netherlands with nearly 7 800, while the UK only put in 4 649
applications in
> 2005.
>
> Origin Total
>
> Austria 1 053 0,82%
> Belgium 1 658 1,29%
> Bulgaria 11 0,01%
> Switzerland 5 027 3,91%
> Cyprus 35 0,03%
> Czech Republic 73,06%
> Germany 23 789 18,49%
> Danmark 1 174 0,91%
> Estonia 3 0,00%
> Spain 972 0,76%
> Finland 1 514 1,18%
> France 8 034 6,24%
> United Kingdom 4 649 3,61%
> Hellas 67 0,05%
> Hungary 81 0,06%
> Ireland 311 0,24%
> Iceland 28 0,02%
> Italy 4 199 3,26%
> Lithuania 152 0,12%
> Latvia 1 0,00%
> Luxemburg 181 0,14%
> Latvia 7 0,01%
> Monaco 15 0,01%
> Netherlands 7 799 6,06%
> Poland 111 0,09%
> Portugal 41 0,03%
> Romania 8 0,01%
> Sweden 2 486 1,93%
> SIovenia 87 0,07%
> Slovakia 16 0,01%
> Turkey 68 0,05%
> EPC 63 650 49,46%
>
>
>
> Japan 21 461 16,68%
> USA 32 738 25,44%
> Other 10 830 8,42%
> non EPC 65 029 50,54%
>
>
>
> Total 128679 100,0%
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Top applicants at the EPO
>
> Among the ten largest applicants at the EPO there are four European
companies,
> three companies from Japan, two from Korea and one from the US:
>
> Top Applicants at the EPO in 2005
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Rank Company Count Share
> 1 KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V. 4173 3,2%
> 2 SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT 1548 1,2%
> 3 MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 1194 0,9%
> 4 SONY CORPORATION 964 0,7%
> 5 ROBERT BOSCH GMBH 845 0,7%
> 6 NOKIA CORPORATION 683 0,5%
> 7 FUJITSU LIMITED 672 0,5%
> 8 BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT 669 0,5%
> 9 MICROSOFT CORPORATION 645 0,5%
> 10 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. 617 0,5%
> 11 PHILIPS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY & STANDARDS GMBH 571 0,4%
> 12 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY 507 0,4%
> 13 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION 491 0,4%
> 14 THOMSON LICENSING 479 0,4%
> 15 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY 462 0,4%
> 16 L'OREAL S.A. 448 0,3%
> 17 CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA 437 0,3%
> 18 DSM IP ASSETS B.V. 390 0,3%
> 19 DELPHI TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 388 0,3%
> 20 LG ELECTRONICS INC. 385 0,3%
> 21 SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION 383 0,3%
> 22 DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG 367 0,3%
> 23 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY 356 0,3%
> 24 RESEARCH IN MOTION LIMITED 353 0,3%
> 25 NEC CORPORATION 342 0,3%
> The top 25 applicants represent about 18% of the patent applications file=
d
> with the EPO. On average, 69% of the applicants at the EPO are granted on=
e
> patent per year (US: 63%, Japan: 66%). 1% of the applicants receive more
than
> 50 patent grants per year (US: 1%, Japan 2%).
>
> More information on the EIS, European innovation scoreboard:
> http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=3DIP/06/21&fo=
rmat=3DHTML&aged=3D1&language=3DEN&guiLanguage=3Den[2]
>
> More information on the EIS, European innovation scoreboard:
> http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=3DIP/06/21&fo=
rmat=3DHTML&aged=3D1&language=3DEN&guiLanguage=3Den[3]
>
> Europe needs an effective IPT system
>
> It is therefore demanding that the EU works upon its weaknesses and
turns them
> into strengths. Even though the concrete scope and shape of IPR
protection at
> the EU level is debateable, a sound and effective IPR framework should
aim to
> contribute to:
>
> Better economic performance, through giving firms the right incentives
to make
> new inventions and the financial strength to continue to develop further
> innovation;
> More efficient dissemination of new knowledge and ideas, through
encouraging
> intellectual property owners to publish their ideas and place their
inventions
> on the market;
> Better products and services, through continuous product development,
whilst
> at the same time safeguarding health and safety and environmental
protection
> through conformity with market regulations.
>
> Community framework for patents is lacking
>
> Proposals have been made, including one on the Community Patent, and
another
> on Computer Implemented Inventions. However, they have not yet received
> sufficient political support to ensure their adoption. The adoption of th=
e
> Community patent would reduce the costs of patenting as well as increase
legal
> security for European enterprises in general. This would certainly
contribute
> to a better protection of intellectual property in Europe. The
Commission has
> recently started a consultation exercise on the Community patent and
possible
> alternatives, such as the development of a European Patent Litigation
> Agreement or the closer harmonisation and mutual recognition of Member
State
> patents.
>
> Reinforcing the IPR-culture throughout Europe
>
> More also needs to be done however on awareness raising and supporting
> enterprises, especially SMEs in valorising their intellectual property an=
d
> using intellectual property rights. The Commission strives to encourage
SMEs
> to valorise their intellectual property and make use of IPRs.
>
> The Commission is undertaking a number of actions to assess what other
support
> measures can be taken. An Expert Group will draft policy recommendations =
by
> end 2006, as part of the Commissions IPR-Initiative announced in the
> Industrial Policy Communication of autumn 2005. The recommendations will
focus
> on how barriers to the use of IPR can be removed and how the relation
between
> IPR and innovation can be strengthened. A specific TrendChart Workshop wi=
ll
> validate these policy recommendations.
>
> The policy recommendations will have three building blocks.
>
> 1. A special statistical report on IPR usage will further analyse how
> companies use IPR in different sectors, building upon the results of the
> European Innovation Scoreboard. This report is foreseen for May 2006.
> 2. A report on barriers to the effective use of IPR will be produced by t=
he
> Commissions Europe INNOVA. Sectoral Innovation Panels by June 2006. This
> Report will identify the reasons for companies using or not using
intellectual
> property rights and possible policy measures in response.
> 3. A benchmarking study on publicly-funded IPR support services was
launched
> in January 2006. It will identify all existing regional and national
support
> measures for companies in the field of IPR, assess their efficiency and
> identify good practices.
>
> Based on these elements, it will be possible to identify where companies
> experience difficulties, whether government measures address these
issues and
> propose points for improvement.
>
> Furthermore, a number of specific IPR initiatives in support of enterpris=
es
> will be launched under PRO INNO Europe, which supports trans-national
> cooperation, including the European Design Prize and the project led by t=
he
> European Patent Office on training the trainers in IPR support services.
>
> PROTON Europe is a network of technology transfer offices linked to Publi=
c
> Research Organisations and Universities. It is supported by the EC under
the
> Gate2Growth initiative. A significant amount of top research with
current or
> potential commercial relevance is undertaken in universities and research
> institutions in Europe. The objective of PROTON is to boost the commercia=
l
> uptake of publicly funded R&D throughout Europe by further developing the
> professional skills of their technology interface structures with industr=
y.
>
> More information: www.protoneurope.org/[4]
>
> The IPR Helpdesk provides free-of-charge basic guidance on intellectual
> property issues to the stakeholders. Its main achievements are a range of
> multilingual tools: website, newsletter, topic documents. It also manages=
a
> fast-reply helpline for individual queries.
>
> More information: http://www.ipr-helpdesk.org/index.htm[5]
>
> Enforcing IPR in the fight against counterfeiting and product piracy
>
> Counterfeiting is one of the major problems that the Commission has to co=
pe
> with. From 2000 to 2005, customs seizures have increased by 1000%, while
> counterfeiting is no longer limited only to fashion and design articles,
but
> is extended to medicines and electrical equipment. The enforcement of
> intellectual property rights in third countries is more than ever critica=
l.
> The Commissions actions include:
>
> Close cooperation between Member States and the Commission must go on to
> continuously improve our custom control system.
> Speedy and reliable information exchange between authorities from differe=
nt
> Member States remains an important issue.
> Intensive cooperation between right-holders and customs authorities
> Activities are ongoing under the Commissions action plan for an efficient
> customs response to counterfeiting and piracy.
> The Commission has just proposed to introduce criminal law provisions to
> combat intellectual property offences .
>
> - IP/06/532[6]
>
> =3D=3D=3DReferences:=3D=3D=3D
> 1.
http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=3DMEMO/06/181&a=
mp;format=3DHTML&aged=3D0&language=3DEN&guiLanguage=3Den
> 2.
http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=3DIP/06/21&=
format=3DHTML&aged=3D1&language=3DEN&guiLanguage=3Den
> 3.
http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=3DIP/06/21&=
format=3DHTML&aged=3D1&language=3DEN&guiLanguage=3Den
> 4. http://www.protoneurope.org/
> 5. http://www.ipr-helpdesk.org/index.htm
> 6.
http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=3DIP/06/532&=
;format=3DHTML&aged=3D0&language=3DEN&guiLanguage=3Dfr
>
> --
>
> _______________________________________________
> A2k mailing list
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> http://lists.essential.org/mailman/listinfo/a2k
>
>
>