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Lawsuit against the Goverment of South Africa (February 18, 1998)



Here is the text of the drug company lawsuit (Feb 18, 1998) against the Government of South Africa.  This concerns South Africa's "Medicines and Related Substances Control
Amendment Act, No. 90 of 1997.

There are forty-two applicants respresenting a host of multinational and South African drug companies as well as South African subsidiaries of multinational pharmaceutical
companies.

There are ten respondents in this case.  The first respondent is the former President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela.  The fourth respondent is Dr. N.C. Dlamini Zuma,
South Africa's Minister of Health.

This is also available on the Consumer Project on Technology's South Africa page at:

 http://www.cptech.org/ip/health/sa/pharmasuit.html


Thiru Balasubramaniam
Consumer Project on Technology


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NOTICE OF MOTION


                In the High Court of South Africa
                                
                 (Transvaal Provincial Division)

     
                                            Case number: 4183/98
                                                                

In the matter between:


     THE PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS'       
          ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH AFRICA             First Applicant


     ALCON LABORATORIES (S.A.)               
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED                  Second Applicant

     BAYER(PROPRIETARY) LIMITED                   Third Applicant

     BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB                    
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED                  Fourth Applicant

     BYK MADAUS (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED             Fifth Applicant
          
     ELI LILLY (SOUTH AFRICA)
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED                   Sixth Applicant

     GLAXO WELLCOME (SOUTH AFRICA)           
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED                 Seventh Applicant
     
     HOECSHT MARION ROUSSEL LIMITED              Eighth Applicant

     INGELHEIM PHARMACEUTICALS
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED                   Ninth Applicant

     JANSSEN-CILAG PHARMACEUTICA             
          (PROPRIETARY)  LIMITED                  Tenth Applicant

     KNOLL PHARMACEUTICALS SOUTH AFRICA
          (PROPRIETARY)  LIMITED               Eleventh Applicant

     LUNDBECK SOUTH AFRICA
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED                 Twelfth Applicant

     MERCK (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED             Thirteenth Applicant

     MSD (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED               Fourteenth Applicant



     NOVARTIS SOUTH AFRICA
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED               Fifteenth Applicant

     NOVO NORDISK (PROPRIETARY)
          LIMITED                             Sixteenth Applicant

     PHARMACIA & UPJOHN                      
          (PROPIETARY) LIMITED              Seventeenth Applicant 
                      
     RHONE-POULENC RORER SOUTH
          AFRICA (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED       Eighteenth Applicant

     ROCHE PRODUCTS
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED              Nineteenth Applicant

     SCHERING (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED           Twentieth Applicant

     SCHERING-PLOUGH
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED            Twenty-First Applicant                      
                                                                
     S.A. SCIENTIFIC PHARMACEUTICALS         
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED           Twenty-Second Applicant                        
                                                                
     SMITHKLINE BEECHAM PHARMACEUTICALS
          (PROPRIETARY)  LIMITED           Twenty-Third Applicant                         
                                                                
     UNIVERSAL PHARMACEUTICALS
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED           Twenty-Fourth Applicant                         

                                                                
     WARNER-LAMBERT S.A.
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED            Twenty-Fifth Applicant
                                                                
     WYETH (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED           Twenty-Sixth Applicant

     XIXIA PHARMACEUTICALS
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED          Twenty-Seventh Applicant

     ZENECA SOUTH AFRICA
          (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED            Twenty-Eight Applicant

     BAYER AG                              Twenty-Ninth Applicant

     BOEHRINGER-INGELHEIM
          INTERNATIONAL GmbH                  Thirtieth Applicant

     BOEHRINGER-INGELHEIM KG               Thirty-First Applicant

     BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY         Thirty-Second Applicant

     BYK GULDEN LOMBERG
          CHEMISCHE FABRIK GmbH            Thirty-Third Applicant

     DR. KARL THOMAE GmbH                 Thirty-Fourth Applicant


     ELI LILLY AND COMPANY                 Thirty-Fifth Applicant

     F. HOFFMAN-LA ROCHE AG                Thirty-Sixth Applicant

     MERCK KGaA                          Thirty-Seventh Applicant

     MERCK & CO., INC.                    Thirty-Eighth Applicant

     RHONE-POULENC RORER S.A.              Thirty-Ninth Applicant

     SMITHKLINE BEECHAM                        Fortieth Applicant

     WARNER-LAMBERT COMPANY                 Forty-First Applicant

     OLIVER CORNISH                        Forty-Second Applicant


     and  

     THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
          SOUTH AFRICA, THE HONOURABLE
          MR N.R. MANDELA N.O.                   First Respondent

     THE SPEAKER OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, THE
          HONOURABLE DR. F.N. GINWALA N.O.      Second Respondent


     THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL
          OF PROVINCES, THE HONOURABLE
          MR. M.G.P. LEKOTA N.O.                 Third Respondent

     THE MINISTER OF HEALTH, THE HONOURABLE
          DR. N.C. DLAMINI ZUMA N.O.            Fourth Respondent

     THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE 
          ON HEALTH [NATIONAL ASSEMBLY],
          THE HONOURABLE DR. A.S. NKOMO N.O.     Fifth Respondent

     THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON
          SOCIAL SERVICES [COUNCIL OF PROVINCES], THE
          HONOURABLE DR. S.C. CWELE N.O.         Sixth Respondent

     THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE MEDICINES CONTROL
          COUNCIL, PROFESSOR P.I. FOLB N.O.    Seventh Respondent

     THE PREMIER OF THE GAUTENG PROVINCE,
          THE HONOURABLE
          MR. M. MOTSHEKGA N.O.                 Eighth Respondent
     THE MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR
          HEALTH OF THE GAUTENG PROVINCE, THE
          HONOURABLE MR. A. MASONDO N.O.         Ninth Respondent


     THE REGISTRAR OF PATENTS
          MR. C. BURTON-DURHAM N.O.              Tenth Respondent



                        NOTICE OF MOTION
                                
     BE PLEASED TO TAKE NOTICE that Applicants intend to apply to
the above Honourable Court, on a date to be arranged with the
Registrar of the above Court, for an order in the following
terms:


                               1.
                                
That an interim interdict issue in terms of which the First and
Fourth Respondents are interdicted and prohibited pending the
final outcome of this application form publishing a notice in
terms of Section 33 of the Medicines and Related Substances
Control Amendment Act,No. 90 of 1997 [hereinafter referred to as
"The Amendment Act"] by which the following sections fo the
Amendment Act shall come into operation thereby to amend the
Medicines and Related Substances Control Act, No. 101 of 1965
[hereinafter referred to as "The Principal Act"], namely:
 

1.1  Sub-section 1(d);

1.2  Sub-section 1(j);

1.3  Sub-section 1(k);

1.4  Section 3;

1.5  Section 4;

1.6  Section 5 insofar as it introduces sub-section 6(1)(d) to 
     the  Principal Act;

1.7  Section 6;

1.8  Section 7;

1.9  Section 10;

1.10 Section 14 insofar as it introduces Section 22F to the 
     Principal Act; 

1.11 Section 14 insofar as it introduces sub-sections 22G(2) and 
     (3) to the Principal Act;

1.12 Section 23 insofar as it introduces into the Principal Act

     1.12.1    the requirement that the Minister is to act "in 
     consultation with the council" in making regulations in 
     terms of Section 35(1);

     1.12.2    sub-section 35(1)(xxxvi);
     1.12.3    sub-section 35(1)(xxxvii);
     1.12.4    sub-section 35(1)(xxxviii);
     1.12.5    sub-section 35(8)


     
                               2.

Declaring that Section 10 of the Amendment Act introducing
Section 15C of the Principal Act is unconstitutional on one or
more all of the following grounds:

2.1  it enables and authorises the Fourth Respondent, in conflict
with Sections 43 and 44 of the Constitution of the Republic of
South Africa, 1996, Act 108 of 1996 [hereinafter referred to as
"the Constitution"]to determine "prescribed conditions" for the
supply of "more affordable medicines" in "certain circumstances"
without setting out policy considerations or any guidelines,
alternatively sufficient guidelines, which would serve to limit
the Fourth Respondent's authority and power to do so.

2.2 it enables and authorises the Fourth Respondent: in conflict
with Sections 43 and 44 of the Constitution, to "determine" the
extent to which rights under a patent granted in the Republic
shall apply irrespective of the provisions of the Patents Act,
No. 57 of 1978;

2.3 it enables and authorises the Fourth Respondent, in conflict
with Section 25 of the Constitution, to deprive owners of
intellectual property in respect of pharmaceutical products of
such property, alternatively to expropriate such property without
any provision for compensation to be paid in respect thereof;

2.4 it is discriminatory in respect of the enjoyment of patent
rights in the pharmaceutical field which discrimination is in
conflict with the provisions of Article 27 of the Trade Relates
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement [hereinafter
referred to as the "TRIPS Agreement"], an international agreement
binding the Republic and to which Parliament has given effect by
the promulgation of the Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act,
No. 38 of 1997, and consequently such provision is in conflict
with Section 44(4) of the Constitution read with Sections 231(2)
and 231(3) of the Constitution;  

                               3.
Declaring the Section 1(k) of the Amendment Act introducing
Section 1(4) of the Principal Act read with Section
35(I)(xxxviii) of the Principal Act introduced by Section 23 of
the Amendment Act is unconstitutional in that it

3.1  authorises and enables the Fourth Respondent, in conflict
with Sections 43 and 44 of the Constitution arbitrarily and
capriciously to prescribe the "manner" and "conditions" on which
international rendering for medicines shall be allowed without
setting out any policy considerations or guidelines in regard to
the manner and conditions which would limit the Fourth
Respondent's authority and power to do so;

3.2 authorises and enables the Fourth Respondent, in conflict
with Section 9 of the Constitution read with Section 8 of the
Constitution to discriminate in favour of imported medicines to
the detriment of the manufacturers of local products.

                               4.

Declaring that Section 14 of the Amendment Act insofar as it
introduces Section 22F of the Principal Act is unconstitutional
in one or more or all of the following respects;

4.1 the section, read with Section 1 of the Amendment Act insofar
as it introduces Section 1(d) of the Principal Act and with
Section 23 of the Amendment Act insofar as it introduces Section
35(I)(xxxvi) of the Principal Act, authorises and enables the
Fourth Respondent, in conflict with Sections 43 and 44 of the
Constitution, to control the practice of substitution of
prescribed medicines by being authorised and enabled to prescribe
"requirements for therapeutic equivalence" without any
guidelines, standards or policy considerations which would limit
the Fourth Respondent's authority to do so;

4.2 it discriminates unfairly in favor of the manufacturers of
products qualifying as interchangeable multi-source medicines of
a prescribed medicine, and to the detriment of the manufacturer
of such prescribed medicine, in conflict with Section 9 of the
Constitution read with Section 8 of the Constitution;

4.3 it enables the Fourth Respondent in conflict with Section 25
of the Constitution to deprive the owner of the prescribed
medicine of its property, alternatively to expropriate such
property without compensation;


                                        

4.4  it forces a pharmacist, in conflict with Section 16(1)(b) of
     the Constitution, to inform members of the public of the
     "benefits of substitution" regardless as to whether the
     pharmacist is of the view that substitution is beneficial or
     not;
4.5  it interferes with the right of pharmacists to dispense a
     prescribed medicine and obliges pharmacists to dispense an
     interchangeable multi-source medicine solely on the basis of
     price and is hence in conflict with Section 22 of the
     Constitution read with Section 8 of the Constitution;

                               5.

Declaring that Section 14 of the Amendment Act insofar as it
introduces sub-sections 22G(2) and (3) of the Principal Act is
unconstitutional in one or both of the following respects:

5.1  the sub-sections provide for and allow, in conflict with
     Section 9 of the Constitution read with Section 8 of the
     Constitution, unfair discriminatory treatment of
     pharmaceutical manufacturers, pharmacists and holders of
     licences as contemplated in Section 22C(1)(a) of the
     Principal Act as introduced by Section 14 of the Amendment
     Act, inasmuch as the burdens imposed upon such
     pharmaceutical manufacturers, pharmacists and holders of
     permits are not imposed upon other participants in that
     market;

5.2  the sub-sections are in conflict with Section 22 of the
     Constitution in that the freedom of trade of pharmaceutical
     manufacturers, pharmacists and holders of permits affected
     thereby is restricted thereby to such an extent that the
     essence of the right enshrined in Section 22 of the
     Constitution is nullified;

                               6.
                                
Declaring that one or more or all of the following sections of
the Amendment Act are unconstitutional in that it or they
conflict with Section 195 of the Constitution, namely

6.1  Section 3 substituting Section 3 of the Principal Act;

6.2  Section 4 substituting Section 4(1) of the Principal Act;

6.3  Section 5 insofar as it introduces sub-section 6(1)(d) of
     the Principal Act;

6.4  Section 6 substituting Section 9(1)(a) of the Principal Act;

6.5  Section 7 substituting Section 12(1) of the Principal Act;

6.6  Section 23 insofar as it allows the Minister to act merely
     "in consultation with" the Council and no longer on the
     recommendation of the Council, in making regulations in
     terms of Section 35(1) of the Principal Act;

6.7  Section 23 insofar as it introduces Section 35(8) of the
     Principal Act.
                               7.
Declaring that Section 23 insofar as it introduces Section 35(8)
is unconstitutional in that it authorises and allows the Fourth
Respondent, in conflict with Sections 43 and 44 of the
Constitution, to make regulations relating to any matters
referred to in sub-section (1) of Section 35 of to amend or
repeal any regulation made in terms of that sub-section, without
setting out any of adequate policy considerations or guidelines
which would limit the Fourth Respondent's authority and power to
do so.

                               8.

Ordering that one or more or all of the following sections and
sub-sections of the Amendment Act be struck down.

8.1  Sub-section 1(d);
8.2  Sub-section 1(j);
8.3  Sub-section 1(k);
8.4  Section 3;
8.5  Section 4;
8.6  Section 5 insofar as it introduces sub-section 6(1)(d) to
     the Principal Act;
8.7  Section 6;
8.8  Section 7;
8.9  Section 10;
8.10 Section 14 insofar as it introduces Section 22F to the
     Principal Act;
8.11 Section 14 insofar as it introduces sub-sections 22G(2) and
     (3) to the Principal Act;
8.12 Section 23 insofar as it introduces into the Principal Act

     8.12.1    the requirement that the Minister is to act "in
               consultation with the council" in making
               regulations in terms of Section 35(1);
     8.12.2    sub-section 35(1)(xxxvi);
     8.12.3    sub-section 35(1)(xxxvii);    
     8.12.4    sub-section 35(1)(xxxviii);
     8.12.5    sub-section 35(8).

                               9.
                                
Ordering that the aforementioned orders of the above Honourable
Court be referred to the Honourable Constitutional Court of the
Republic of South Africa in accordance with the provisions of
Section 173 of the Constitution.

IN THE ALTERNATIVE, AND IN ADDITION TO THE AFOREGOING:

                               10.
                                
Referring the prayer for an order in the following terms to the
Constitutional Court:

10.1 It is declared that the Amendment Act was passed by
     Parliament in conflict with its constitutional obligations
     imposed upon it by Section 59(1) and 72(1) of the
     Constitution in that Parliament failed to:

     10.1.1    facilitate public involvement in the legislative
               process by which the Amendment Act was passed;
     10.1.2    conduct its business in an open manner;
     10.1.4    take into consideration the recommendations made
               to the Portfolio Committee on Health [National
               Assembly] and the Select Committee on Social
               Services [Council of Provinces] by the public,
               and, in particular;
     10.1.5    pay attention to scientific, medical,
               pharmaceutical and legal submissions made to the
               aforesaid committees by members of the public,
               including the Applicants;

11.  Ordering the Second and the Fifth Respondents to transmit
     all the submissions received from the public, as well as a
     transcript of all the proceedings before the Portfolio
     Committee on Health [National Assembly] and the National
     Assembly itself in regard to the Bill which preceded the
     passing of the Amendment Act, to the Constitutional Court as
     part of the record of these proceedings;


12.  Ordering Third and Sixth Respondents to transmit all the
     submissions received from the public, as well as a
     transcript of the proceedings before the select committee on
     Social Services [Council of Provinces] and the Council of
     Provinces in respect of the said Bill, to the Constitutional
     Court as part of the record in the matter so referred to the
     Constitutional Court;

13.  Granting such further and/or alternative relief to the
     Applicants as the above Honourable Court may deem fit and
     proper; and

14.  Ordering the Fourth Respondent, together with any other
     Respondent who may appear to oppose the relief sought by the
     Applicants, to pay the costs of this application.
                                
            TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that Applicants will 
                    rely on the affidavits of
                                
                    1.  MIRRYENA THEREZA DEEB
                    2.  WILLIAM DUNCAN REEKIE
                   3.  FRANK GYLDENLOVE MADSEN
                  4.  JACOBUS JOHANNES VAN WYK
                       5.  MAUREEN KIRKMAN
                  6.  NICOLAAS JACOBUS VERMAAK
                    7.  DONALD SKEEN SIMPSON
                8.  RICHARD ANTHONY DE CHASTELAIN
                     9. TIMOTHY DAVID LUDLOW
                      10.  JAN LOUIS VENTER
                     11.  NOEL HARLEY DOLMAN
                         12.  PAT SMITH
                     13.  JEAN-PIERRE BRIAM
                    14.  PAUL BARLOW STEWART
                   15.  JACOBUS DANIEL VENTER
                        16.  DEON JURGENS
                   17.  BERNHARD ALAN CRISTEN
                      18.  DEON DE KOCK VOS
                      19.  DONALD DE KORTE
                      20.  LOTHAR EHRHARDT
                   21.  RONALD FRANK CHRISTIE
                    22.  PAUL VINCENT DODSEN
                   23.  ROGER BARRY HEMINGWAY
                  24.  PAUL ANTHONY NEWTON-SYMS
                     25.  ROBERT IAN GOODALL
                     26.  IAN DANIEL BEKKER
                    27.  ANTON PIETER DE KOCK
                    28.  GUNTHER LUDWIG FABER
                         29.  ABE EGDES
                         30.GORDON KNAPP
                       31.  ERICA L. MANN
                    32.  PAUL ANTHONY GLOVER
                       33.  DIETER LAUDIEN
         34.  SUPPLEMENTARY AFFIDAVIT OF DIETER LAUDIEN
                      35.  HEINZ WOLF BULL
                       36.  OLIVER CORNISH
                                
together with the annexes thereto, in support of this
application.

TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that the Applicants have appointed D.M. KISCH
Inc., Parklands Building, Suite 3, 223 Bronkhorst Street, New
Muckleneuk, PRETORIA at which they will accept notice and service
of all process in these proceedings.  

TAKE NOTICE FURTHER that if you intend opposing this application
you are required:

[a]  to notify the Applicants' attorney in writing on or before
     13 March 1998;

[b]  and within fifteen days after you have so given notice of
     your intention to oppose the application, to file your
     answering affidavits, if any; and further that you are
     require to appoint in such notification an address referred
     to in rule 6(5)(b) at which you will accept notice and
     service of all documents in these proceedings.

If no such notice of intention to oppose be given, the
application will be made on 24 March 1998 at 10 a.m. or so soon
thereafter as Counsel may be heard.

DATED at PRETORIA on this 18 day of February, 1998.

                                        N.J. VERMAAK
                                        APPLICANT'S ATTORNEY
                                        D.M. KISCH INC.
                                        PARKLANDS BUILDING
                                        SUITE 3
                                        223 BRONKHORST STREET
                                        NEW MUCKLENEUK
                                        PRETORIA

TO:


The Registrar of the above Honourable Court
corner Vermeulen & Paul Kruger Streets
PRETORIA

AND TO:

The First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fiffth
   Sixth, Eighth & Ninth Respondents
c/o The State Attorney
4th Floor South
Fedlife Forum Tower
Van der Walt Street
PRETORIA

AND TO:

The Chairperson of the Medicines Control Council
Hallmark Building
226 Vermeulen Street
PRETORIA

AND TO:

The Tenth Respondent
The Patent Office
Zanza Building
116 Proes Street
PRETORIA

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