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Pesticides toxicities
Peter,
The following bibliography came to the answer
an inquiry about benylate. Perhaps you can
discover some leads here about various
toxicities from the pesticides you are interested in.
Also see websites attached.
Peace,
Joe Parrish
NJ/NY Environmental Watch
Contents:
1 Internet Message Header
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========================== Begin Part 1 ===========================
Topic: Internet Message Header
Hello friends --
We were forwarded your request for information on the fungicide
Benlate/benomyl. NCAP has several articles on file in office that mention
benomyl/benlate. I have listed below the articles we have on file since
1990 - present. This is a good bibliography that may be able to help you
search your universities or, we can mail you a copy of the nominal costs of
postage and photocopying.
I have also attached a Word document on helpful hints for searching the
internet for information on pesticides.
I hope that this is helpful. Please let us know if there is anything else
we can do to assist you.
Sincerely,
Pollyanna Lind
Information Services Coordinator
NCAP
. 1994. EPA to implement new endangered toad biological opinion.
Pesticide & Toxic Chemical News. May 25. 13-14. brief article
. March 1994. Right-to-know wins over DuPont confidentiality claim.
Global Pesticide Campaigner. 4(1). 21.
. March 1997. Benomyl. Pesticides News. 35. 20.
. May 14-July 3, 1993. New Costa Rican Pesticide Regulations threaten
public health and the environment. PANUPS. . 3.
. May 1994. EPA updates Delaney Lists. Farm Chemicals. 157(5).
48. Tables: Update of Section 409s and Probable Section 409s (which
include both additions and deletions)
. May / June 1996. Down with deadly drift. Organic Gardening.
43(5). 15-16.
. Nov 3, 1993. Benomyl - anophthalmia link allegations, positive study
noted. Pesticide & Toxic Chemical News. . 17-18.
. Sept 15, 1993. Benlate birth defects possible link part of NIOSH
study. Pesticide & Toxic Chemical News. . 16-17.
. Spring 1994. Evidence of Benlate contamination prompts DuPont to
settle cases. Pesticides and You. 14(1). 25.
Abbott, JD / Bruton, BD / Patterson, CL. May 1991. Fungicidal
inhibition of pollen germination and germ-tube elongation in muskmelon..
HortScience. 26(5). 529-530. Four fungicides were evaluated for their
effects on in vitro pollen germination of muskmelon cultivars TAM-Uvalde
and Magnum 45. Cupric hydroxide, mancozeb, and chlorothalonil reduced the
percentage of pollen that germinated and the rate and length of germ-tube
elongation, regardless of cultivar. Benomyl had very little overall effect
on pollen germination or germ-tube elongation. With the effective
pollination period of approximately 10-14 days in commercial production,
each day is critical for maximum crown set. It is suggested that some
fungicides may be contributing to reduced fruit set in muskmelons.
Four fungicides were evaluated for their effects on in vitro pollen
germination of muskmelon cultivars TAM-Uvalde and Magnum 45. Cupric
hydroxide, mancozeb, and chlorothalonil reduced the percentage of pollen
that germinated and the rate and length of germ-tube elongation, regardless
of cultivar. Benomyl had very little overall effect on pollen germination
or germ-tube elongation. With the effective pollination period of
approximately 10-14 days in commercial production, each day is critical for
maximum crown set. It is suggested that some fungicides may be contributing
to reduced fruit set in muskmelons.
Associated Press. June 8, 1996. Jury awards $4 million to family.
Register Guard. . .
Baker, LW et al. 1996. Ambient air concentrations of pesticides in
California. Environmental Science and Technology. 30(4). 1365-1368.
The California Air Resources Board conducted ambient air monitoring of
pesticides in support of the California Department of Pesticide Regulation
(USA) toxic air contaminant program. Monitoring was done in several
communities in a county of high use during the month of expected peak use
of a particular pesticide in order to assess general population exposure.
Additional sampling was conducted adjacent to specific agricultural
applications to assess maximum short-term concentrations to which the
public might be exposed. Medium and low volume samplers were used with
appropriate collection media (e.g., Teflon filters, XAD-2 adsorbent resin),
followed by laboratory analysis. Concentrations measured around specific
applications would be expected to be representative of other areas,
especially in California, with comparable application rates, crops, and
weather conditions. Since the programme began in 1986, monitoring has been
conducted for 22 pesticides. Results for three soil fumigants were of
potential public health concern and led to the suspension of permits for
the use of one pesticide and were used in the development of use
modifications and buffer zones for two others.
Burnam, WL / US EPA OPP. Feb 19, 1997. Office of Pesticide Programs
list of chemicals evaluated for carcinogenic potential [memo from W.L.
Burnam, Science Anaylsis Branch, Health Effects Division to Health Effects
Division Branch Chiefs, and others]. . . 33.
Burnam, WL / US EPA OPPTS. List dated June 6, 1998. Office of Pesticide
Programs list of chemicals evaluated for carcinogenic potential [memo from
W.L. Burnam, Science Anaylsis Branch, Health Effects Division to Division
Directors and others]. . . 31.
California. Dept. of Food and Agriculture. Environmental Hazards Assessment
Program / Miller, C " et al. Dec 1, 1990. Sampling for pesticide
residues in California well water. 1990 update well inventory data base.
. . 12,186. The first 14 chemicals listed in KEYWORDS are confirmed
detections. Besides tables, text deals with: atrazine, bromacil, diuron,
prometon,& simazine. Appendix A: The Pesticide Contamination Prevention Act
California. Dept. of Food and Agriculture. Pesticide Enforcement Branch.
1990. Residues in fresh produce - 1989. . . 60.
California. Dept. of Food and Agriculture. Worker Health and Safety Branch
/ Mehler, L. April 30, 1990. Summary of illnesses and injuries reported
by California physicians as potentially related to pesticides. 1988. .
. 32. Text discusses priority investigations for methomyl, propargite,
sulfur, rotenone & petroleum oil, and acephate. Entered three times for
large KEYWORD field
California. Dept. of Pesticide Regulation. Worker Health and Safety
Branch.. March 1, 1993. Summary of illnesses and injuries reported by
the California Physicians as potentially related to pesticides. 1990. ..
. . Multiple entries due to large KEYWORD field.
California. Dept. of Pesticide Regulation. Worker Health and Safety
Branch. May 26, 1994. Pesticide illness surveillance program summary
report. 1991.. . . 54. Chemical and subjects in this Keyword field
are taken from tables. Multiple entries for large Keyword field
California. Environmental Protection Agency. Dept. of Pesticide
Regulation. Worker Health and Safety Branch. Dec 14, 1994. Pesticide
illness surveillance program summary report - 1992. . . 49. First
alphabet of chemicals (first 13) are mentioned in text. Remaining chemcals
from Table 4
California. Environmental Protection Agency. Dept. of Pesticide Regulation.
Dec 1992. Sampling for pesticide residues in California well water: 1992
well inventory data base, cumulative report 1986-1992. . . 222.
Entered twice for large keyword field. KEYWORDS list only chemicals that
were detected. Chap 3: Factors contributing to pesticide movement to
groundwater as a result of agricultural use
California. Environmental Protection Agency. Dept. of Pesticide Regulation.
Dec 1993. Sampling for pesticide residues in California well water. 1993
update well inventory data base. . . 167. The first nine chemicals
had 'verified' detections (atrazine, bentazon, bromacil, deethylatrazine,
deisopropylatrazine, diuron. prometon, simazine, xylene). The remaining
chemicals had positive 'unverified' detections
Cox, C. September-December 1996. Plaguicidas y fertilidad masculina: la
masculinidad en riesgo. Boletin de la Red de Accion sobre plaguicidas y
alternativa en Mexico. 15-16. 10-16. Spanish translation of C. Cox. "
Masculinity at risk: Pesticides and male fertility." Journal of Pesticide
Reform. 16(2):2-7
Cummings, AM " et al. 1992. Developmental effects of Methyl
benzimidazolecarbamate following exposure during early pregnancy.
Fundamental and Applied Toxicol. 18. 288-293. MBC exposure during the
first week of pregnancy was shown to be embryotoxic, resulting in embryonic
death, growth retardation, and developmental abnormalities when evaluated
on Days 11 or 20 of gestation.
Cummings, AM / Harris, ST / Rehnberg, GL. 1990. Effects of methyl
benzimidazolecarbamate during early pregnancy in the rat. Fundamental
and Applied Toxicol. 15. 528-535. The data show that dosages of MBC
(up to and including 400 mg/kg/day) which are embryotoxic and teratogenic
when administered to rats during late pregnancy, do not produce pregnancy
failure, adverse maternal effects other than a partial decidual growth
inhibition, or evidence of embryotoxicty other than a trend toward
increased resorptions when administered during very early pregnancy.
Currie, KL " et al. April 2, 1991. Poison in your backyard : the
pesticide scandal. Family Circle. . 59 (+5).
Curtis, J / NRDC. March 17, 1993. Food use pesticides currently
classified by EPA as potential carcinogens [updates memo of 3 / 3 / 93].
. . 6. Entered twice for large keyword field
Curtis, J / NRDC. Nov 3, 1992. Food use pesticides currently classified
by EPA as potential carcinogens [updates memo of 9 / 11 / 92]. . . 6.
Entered twice for large keyword field. Attached: "EPA list of food use
pesticides evaluated for carcinogenicity, compiled as of June 1991" in
Chemical Regulation Reporter 8 / 28 / 92
Curtis, J / NRDC. Sept.11, 1992. Food use pesticides currently
classified by EPA as potential carcinogens [memo]. . . 5. Entered
twice for large keyword field
Davis, JR / Brownson, RC / Garcia, R. 1992. Family pesticide use in the
home, garden, orchard, and yard. Archives of Environmental Contamination
and Toxicology. 22. 260-266.
Dernoeden, PH / Krusberg, LR / Sardanelli, S. November 1990. Fungicide
effects on Acremonium endophyte, plant-parasitic nematodes, and thatch in
Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass. Plant Disease. 74.
879-881. None of the fungicides significntly affected soil pH and only
thiram enhanced thatch significantly when compard with untreated plots.
Fungicides did not significantly affect population densities of
plant-parasitic nematodes nor did they significantly reduce the percent of
perennial ryegrass plants infected with A loliae.
Dernoeden, PH / McIntosh, MS. March / April 1991. Disease enhancement
and Kentucky bluegrass quality as influenced by fungicides. Agronomy
Journal. 83. 322-326. Deleterious non-target fungicide effects in
turf need better documentation, while beneficial effects should be
exploited. The main objectives of this field study were to identify
turfgrass quality and non-target disease enhancement effects of five
fungicides applied to four Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. Non-target
increases in disease by fungicides did not recur annually in each cultivar.
Dolara, P / Torricelli, F / Antonelli, N. 1994. Cytogenetic effects on
human lymphocytes of a mixture of fifteen pesticides commonly used in
Italy. Mutation Research. 325. 47-51. Lymphocytes obtained from 5
healthy donors were incubated with a mixture of 15 pesticides commonly
found in foods of central Italy. Incubated with the lymphocytes at a
concentration of 1-20 g/ml, the pesticide mixture did not induce
significant variations in the number of hypodiploid, hyperdiphoil and
polyploid cells or in the number of chromosome and chromatid aberrations.
Engler, R / US EPA OPPTS. April 1, 1994. List of chemcials evaluated
for carcinogenic potential [memo from: Engler, Health Effects Division, OPP
to: HED branch chiefs, etc.]. . . 11. Multiple entries for large
keyword field
Engler, R / US EPA OPPTS. April 1, 1994. List of chemcials evaluated
for carcinogenic potential [memo from: Engler, Health Effects Division, OPP
to: HED branch chiefs, etc.]. . . 11. Multiple entries for large
keyword field
Engler, R / US EPA OPPTS. Aug 31, 1993. List of chemicals evaluated for
carcinogenic potential [ memo from: Engler, Health Effects Division, OPP
to: HED branch chiefs, etc.]. . . 10. Multiple entries for large
keyword field
Engler, R / US EPA OPPTS. Aug 31, 1993. List of chemicals evaluated for
carcinogenic potential [ memo from: Engler, Health Effects Division, OPP
to: HED branch chiefs, etc.]. . . 10. Multiple entries for large
keyword field
Engler, R / US EPA OPPTS. Dec. 31, 1994. List of chemicals evaluated
for carcinogenic potential [memo from: Engler, Health Effects Division,
OPP to: HED branch chiefs, etc.]. . . 12. Multiple entries for
large keyword field
Engler, R / US EPA OPPTS. Dec. 31, 1994. List of chemicals evaluated
for carcinogenic potential [memo from: Engler, Health Effects Division,
OPP to: HED branch chiefs, etc.]. . . 12. Multiple entries for
large keyword field
Extoxnet. May 1994. Benomyl. . . 6. Printout off of Econet
FASE Foundation for Advancements in Science and Education. Spring 1996.
Exporting risk: pesticide exports from US ports, 1992-1994. FASE
Research Report. . 12.
Ganey, S " et al. June 1993. The uses of pesticides in Thurston County,
Washington. . . 114. Working paper number 93-1, Master's program of
environmental studies, The Pesticide Project
Gianessi, LP / Anderson, JE. Feb 1995. Pesticide use in Idaho crop
production. . . .
Gianessi, LP / Anderson, JE. Feb 1995. Pesticide use in Montana crop
production. . . .
Gianessi, LP / Anderson, JE. Feb 1995. Pesticide use in California crop
production. . . .
Gianessi, LP / Anderson, JE. Feb 1995. Pesticide use in Washington crop
production. . . .
Gianessi, LP / Anderson, JE. Feb 1995. Pesticide use in Oregon crop
production. . . .
Gianessi, LP / Anderson, JE. Feb 1995. Pesticide use in U.S. crop
production: national summary report. . . .
Harte, J ", et al. 1991. Toxics A to Z: a guide to everyday pollution
hazards. . . 479. blue, 10in. The first half gives an overview of
sources of toxics in the environment. The second half is a guide to common
toxics. Use the index to find text on chemicals. Entered thrice due to
large KEYWORD field.
Hoekstra, EJ / Kiefer, M / Tepper, A. August 1996. Monitoring of
exposure to benomyl in nursery workers. Journal of Occupational and
Environmental Medicine. 38(8). 775-781.
Hoffman, DJ. 1990. Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of environmental
contaminants to bird eggs. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology. 115. 39-89. Entered twice for large KEYWORD field
Howard, PH ", ed.. 1991. Handbook of environmental fate and exposure
data for organic chemicals.. . . 684. Multiple entries due to large
KEYWORD field.
Igbedioh, S / Akinyele, I. August, 1992. Effect of benomyl toxicity on
some liver constituents of albino rats. Archives of Environmental Health.
47(4). 314-317.
Igebdioh, SO. July / August 1991. Effects of agricultural pesticides on
humans, animals, and higher plants in developing countries. Archives of
Environ Health. 46(4). 218-224. A general intro to pesticide toxicity
with examples of poisonings in various places. Recommendations for
prevention in developing countries
Inabnitt, K / Valenzuela, H. 1992. The effects of benlate (Benomyl) on
cucumber (Cucumis sativa), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), and sweet corn
(Zea mays) crops. . . 21. The plants grown in Benlate treated soil
were healthier than the plants grown in untreated soil. Results from the
soil experiment were inconclutsive because 1) the soil was not tested for
Benlate, and 2) the nutrient status of the "contaminated" and control soils
at the beginning of the experiment was also undetermined. [Unpublished
mauscript]
J.T. Baker, Inc.. 1995?. [Information on the RaPID Assay system o of
kits and photometers offered by J.T. Baker]. . . 20. Not suitable
for home use
Lander, F / Ronne, M. 1995. Frequency of sister chromatid exchange and
hematological effects in pesticide-exposed greenhouse sprayers.
Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health. 21. 283-288. A
cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate whether exposure to
pesticides in greenhouses causes hemato- or genotoxic damage. The present
results suggest a genotoxic effect from combined subtoxic occupational
pesticide exposure, whereas no hematogenic effects could be observed at the
current exposure level.
Lavy, TL ", et al. 1993. Measurements of year-long exposure to tree
nursery workers using multiple pesticides.. Archives of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology. 24(2). 123-144.
Leonard, JA / Yeary, RA. 1990. Exposure of workers using hand-held
equipment during urban application of pesticides to trees and ornamental
shrubs. Am Industrial Hygiene Assn J. 51(11). 605-609.
Liebman, J. March 1993. Fungicidal neem. The IPM Practitioner.
15(3). 14.
Liebman, J / PAN. 1997. Rising toxic tide: pesticide use in California
1991-1995. . . 35.
Lightner, DV et al. 1996. Chronic toxicity and histopathological
studies with Benlate, a commercial grade of benomyl, in Penaeus vannamei
(Crustacea: Decapoda). Aquatic Toxicology. 34. 105-118.
Lodovici, M et al. 1994. Effect of a mixture of 15 commonly used
pesticides on DNA levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and xenobiotic
metabolizing enzymes in rat liver.. Journal of Environmental Pathology,
Toxicology and Oncology. 13(3). 163-168. The level of
8-OH-2-deoxyguanosine in rat liver DNA was measured as an index of
oxidative damage after treating rats for 10 days at a dose ranging from
0.75 to 10 mg/kg with a mixture of 15 pesticides (dithiocarbamate, benomyl,
thiabendazole, diphenylamine, chlorothalonil, procimidone, methidathion,
chlorpyrifos-ethyl, fenarimol, parathion-methyl, chlorpropham, parathion,
vinclozolin, chlorfenvinphos, pirimiphos-ethyl) commonly found in foods of
central Italy. At the doses of 0.75 and 1 mg(kg DNA levels of
8-OH2-deoxyguanosine were significantly increased relative to controls,
whereas at higher doses (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) the levels returned to control
values. The administration of the pesticide mixture dose dependently
reduced benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase, N-demethylase activities, glutathione
peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and thiol
transferase activities in the liver. The results show that the pesticide
mixture induced free radical DNA damage at low doses. However, at higher
doses it produced a depression of cellular metabolism, inhibiting a further
expression of oxidative damage.
Lodovici, M et al. February 14, 1997. Oxidative liver DNA damage in
rats treated with pesticide mixtures. Toxicology. 117(1). 55-60.
Oxidative damage was quantified in the liver of rats by measuring the
levels of 8-OH-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-2DG) relative to 2-deoxyguanosine in
DNA after treating rats for 10 days at a total dose of 1 mg/kg/day with a
mixture of the 15 pesticides most commonly found in Italian foods
(comprised of dithiocarbamate, benomyl, procymidone, methidathion,
chlorpyrifos-ethyl, parathion-methyl, chlorpropham, parathion, vinclozolin,
chlorfenvinphos, pirimiphos ethyl, thiabendazole, fenarimol, diphenylamine
and chlorothalonil). We fractionated this pesticide mixture into subgroups
in order to determine which molecules, if any, induced DNA oxidative
damage. The administration of diphenylamine (0.09-1.4 mg/kg/day) and
chlorothalonil (0.13-1 mg/kg/day) induced a dose-dependent increase in
8-OH-2DG levels in liver DNA. The other 13 pesticides of the mixture on the
contrary, did not produce oxidative liver DNA damage. These results
indicate that the toxicity of low doses of pesticide mixtures present in
food might be further reduced by eliminating diphenylamine and
chlorothalonil.
Luff, ML / Clements, RO / Bale, JS. 1990. An integrated approach to
assessing effects of some pesticides in grassland. Brighton Crop
Protection Conference -- Pests and Diseases --- 1990. 3B-2. 143-152.
New for chlorpyrifos.
Machado-Neto, JG ", et al. 1994. Effect of benomyl on the formation of
mycorrhiza in roots of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 52. 864-870.
Martensson, AM. 1992. Effects of agrochemicals and heavy metals on
fast-growing Rhizobia and their symbiosis with small-seeded legumes. Soil
Biology and Biochemistry. 24(5). 435-445.
Meyer, SLF. 1992. Induction of increased Benomyl tolerance in
Verticillium lecanii, a fungus antagonistic to plant-parasitic nematodes.
Journal of the Helminthological Society. 59(2). 237-239. Article is a
review of recent research on benomyl tolerance in V. lecanii. Results show
that strains of V. lecanii with increased benomyl tolerance can be induced
with exposure to ultraviolet light. Further research is necessary to
determine effectiveness of V. lecanii mutants as biocontrol agents.
Mizell, RF / Schiffhauer, DE. 1990. Effects of pesticides on pecan
aphid predators Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae),
Hippodamia convergens, Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Olla v-nigrum (Coleoptera:
coccinellidae), and Aphelinus perpallidus (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae).
Journal of Economic Entomology. 83(5). 1806-1812.
Nakai, M ",et al. 1992. Acute and long-term effects of a single dose of
the fungicide carbendazim (methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate) on the male
reproductive system in the rat.. Journal of Andrology. 13(6).
507-518.
Nakamura, Y. October 1990. Philippine workers, Japanese consumers, and
banana pesticides. Global Pesticide Campaigner. 1(1). 3-4.
National Research Council. Board on Agriculture. Committee on Long-Range
Soil and Water Conservation. 1993. Soil and water quality: an agenda
for agriculture. . . 518. "Pesticides are perhaps the only toxic
substances that are purposefully applied to the environment, a rather
unique permit given the present-day regulations covering toxic compounds."
(page 334). Figure 8-3 shows where aerial insecticide spray goes with less
than 1% coming in contact with target insects. Chemicals in keywords are
from table 8-1 showing partition coefficients and half lives of pesticides.
NCAMP. 1991. Safety at home: a guide to the hazards of lawn and garden
pesticides and safe ways to manage pests. . . 75.
Neary, DG / Bush, PB / Michael, JL. 1993. Fate, dissipation and
environmental effects of pesticides in southern forests: A review of a
decade of research progress. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.
12. 411-428. This paper is quite comprehensive and presents ten years
of watershed-scale research on the fate of forestry-use pesticides in
forested catchments under mainly operational conditions throughout the
southern United States.
New York. Attorney General / Abrams, R / Jaffe, S. July 1991. Toxic
fairways: risking groundwater contamination from pesticides on Long Island
golf courses. . . 23. Quotes "Despite the relatively limited
benefits of turf and lawn care pesticides, three to six times as much
pesticides are use per acre on home lawns than to grow the food we eat. ...
Golf courses on Long Island use almost four to seven times the average
amount of pesticids used in agriculture, on a pound per acre basis."
(p.3,
see also p. 8) Includes table on pesticides and amounts used by 52 Long
Island golf courses
NRDC / Curtis, J / Profeta, T / Mott, L. June 1993. After Silent
Spring: The unsolved problems of pesticide use in the United States. .
. 56. The purpose of this report fourfold: 1) To evaluate what has been
learned about the environmental and human health consequences of the
escalated use of pesticides since Silent Spring, 2) to document the growing
number of pest management methods available to reduce pesticide use, 3) to
describe the mostglaring deficiencies of our federal regulatory system,
using eight pesticides as examples, and 4) to recommend long-overdue
reforms in our nation's pesticide and agricultural policies. MULTIPLE
entries for large keyword field
NRDC / Curtis, J / Profeta, T / Mott, L. June 1993. After Silent
Spring: The unsolved problems of pesticide use in the United States. .
. 56. Multiple entries for large keyword field. These chemicals from
(EPA) list of carcinogens
O'Malley, MA. 1997. Skin reactions to pesticides. Occupational
Medicine: State of the art reviews. 12(2). 327-363.
Pease, WS ", et al / University of California, Berkeley. School of Public
Health. Center for Occupational and Environmental Health. Environmental
Health Policy Program. 1993. Preventing pesticide-related illness in
California agriculture: strategies and priorities. . . 72.
Chemicals in Keyword field from Tables 1: Use, illness, and toxicity data
for high profile pesticides and Table 2: rankings and Table 7: Federal and
California regulatory status. Multiples entries for large keyword field
Pimentel, D " et al. Nov 1992. Environmental and economic costs of
pesticide use. BioScience. 42(10). 750-760. An assessment based on
currently available US data, although incomplete, tallies $8 billion in
annual costs
Potter, DA " et al. 1990. Toxicity of pesticides to earthworms
(Oligochaeta: lumbricidae) and effects on thatch degradation in Kentucky
Bluegrass turf. Journal of Economic Entomology. 83(6). 2362-2369.
Quarles, W. May-June 1993. Biological control of postharvest fruit
disease. The IPM Practitioner. XV(5 / 6). 1-11.
Raloff, J. January 22, 1994. That feminine touch: Are men suffering
from prenatal or childhood exposures to "hormonal" toxicants?. Science
News. 145. 56-58.
Restrepo, M " et al. 1990. Prevalence of adverse reproductive outcomes
in a population occupationally exposed to pesticides in Colombia.
Scandinavian J Work, Environment & Health. 16. 232-238. A moderate
increase in the prevalence of spontaneous abortion, prematurity, and
congenital malformations was detected for pregnancies occurring after the
start of work in floriculture
Rinehold, J / Jenkins, J. August 1996. Oregon pesticide use estimates
for vegetable crops, 1993: Pesticide use survey. . . 127. EM 8643
Rinehold, J / Jenkins, J. June 1993. Oregon pesticide use estimates for
small fruits, 1990: Pesticide use survey. . . 32. EM 8541. First
group of chemicals in Keyword field from Table 4 a combined table of
pesticide use on all the crops in this book.
Rinehold, J / Jenkins, J. May 1997. Pesticide use survey: Oregon
pesticide use estimates for small grains, forage, and livestock, 1994. ..
. 76. EM 8664
Rinehold, J / Jenkins, J. Sept 1993. Oregon pesticide use estimates for
tree fruits, 1991: Pesticide use survey. . . 38. EM 8553. First
group of chemicals in Keyword field from Table 4 a combined table of
pesticide use on all the crops in this book. Other pesticides (listed at
end) come from historical use tables (which do not give amounts).
Rinehold, J / Jenkins, J. Sept 1994. Oregon pesticide use estimates for
seed and specialty crops, 1992: Pesticide use survey. . . 93. EM
8568. First group of chemicals in Keyword field from Table 4 a combined
table of pesticide use on all the crops in this book. Other pesticides
(listed at end) come from historical use tables (which do not give
amounts).
Robinson, JC / Pease, WS / Albright, DS / Morello-Frosch, RA / University
of California at Berkeley. School of Public Health. Center for
Occupational and Environmental Health. Environmental Health Policy
Program. 1994. Pesticides in the home and community: health risks and
policy alternatives. . . 108. Covers lots of ground -- risks,
regulation, policy. Includes statistics (mainly California) and studies on
urban pesticide use -- structural, landscape maintenance, household use,
and building maintenance -- as well as exposure and poisonings related to
these settings. Appendix II: structural and landscape usage of carcinogenic
pesticides in California. Appendix III: Federal and California regulatory
status of high profile urban pesticides. MULTIPLE ENTRIES for large
keyword field
Roeleveld, N / Zielhuis, GA / Gabreels, F. 1990. Occupational exposure
and defects of the central nervous system in offspring: review. British
Journal of Industrial Medicine. 47. 580-588. There is a highly
probable influence on the developing CNS from lead, methyl mercury, &
ionizing radiation. Exposure to cadmium, organic solvents, anaesthetics,
and pesticides may also contribute to defects of the CNS
Sagan, KV. April 2, 1991. Poison in your backyard: the pesticide
scandal. Family Circle. . 59-63, 108-112.
Smith, C. March 1998. US Pesticide exports to banana-growing countries.
Global Pesticide Campaigner. 8(1). 14-15.
Smith, C / Beckmann, SL / FASE. Sept 20, 1991. Export of pesticides
from U.S. ports in 1990. . . 19. Entered FOUR TIMES for large
Keyword field
Somasundaram, L / Coats, JR. 1991. Interactions between pesticides and
their major degradation products IN: Pesticide Transformation Products:
Fate and Significance in the Environment. L Somasundaram and JR Coats, eds.
(Chapter 12, pp. 163-171). . . . ACS Symposium Series 459
Stipp, D. Dec 16, 1991. Nasty blight: Bad-acting pesticide is giving Du
Pont a costly headache. Wall Street Journal. . .
Teran, AL / Alvarez, RA / Orlando, CA. 1993. Effect of currently used
pesticides in citrus orchards on two Aphelinid parasitoids. Journal of
Applied Entomology. 116. 20-24. Chlorpyrifos, parathion, and
methidathion were highly toxic in their contact and fumigation effects to
both parasitoids. Among the acaricides, dicofol + tetradifon proved highly
toxic.
UD FDA. 1993. Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Program: Residue
monitoring 1992. . . 22. Was also published in Journal of AOAC
International, v. 76, Sept / Oct 1993. First group of chemicals in keyword
field are mentioned in the text. Next group (after "food monitoring" is
list of additional pesticides found in food. (Did not list chemicals looked
for but not found). Multiple entries for large keyword field
US EPA. July 1, 1990. 40 CFR Chap 1 (7-1-90 Edition). Part 185.
Tolerances for pesticides in food. Subpart B -- food additives permitted in
food for human consumption (pp. 421-444. . . . Entered twice for
large KEYWORD field
US EPA. May 2, 1990. EPA updates list of classified carcinogenic
pesticides. Pesticide & Toxic Chemical News. . 33-36. Updated list
of food use pesticides evaluated as Group A,B,or C carcinogens
US EPA OPPTS. Feb 1998. Status of chemicals in special review. . ..
54.
US EPA OPPTS OPP Environmental Fate and Effects Division / Jacoby, H /
Hoheisel, CA. September 1992. Pesticides in ground water database. A
compilation of monitoring studies: 1971-1991. National summary. . .
212. EPA 734-12-92-001. Chemicals in keyword field were detected in
groundwater. Tables show: well monitoring by state in descending order by #
of detections. Chemicals detected in descending order by # of detections.
Well data by pesticide includes state, below or above MCL & range of
concentrations. Summary data by state includes above or below drinking MCL
and source of contamination (normal field use or point source).
US EPA OPTS. Feb 1990. Suspended, cancelled, and restricted pesticides.
. . 115. Item entered twice for large keyword field
US EPA OPTS / Engler, R. Feb 27, 1992. List of chemicals evaluated for
carcinogenic potential [ memo from Engler, Science Analysis..., Health
Effects Division to HED Branch chiefs & others]. . . 8. Entered two
times for large keywordfield
US EPA OPTS / Engler, R. May 22, 1991. List of chemicals evaluated for
carcinogenic potential [ memo from Engler, Science Analysis..., Health
Effects Division to HED Branch chiefs & others]. . . 7. Entered
three times for large keywordfield
US FDA. 1991. Residues in foods 1990. . . 21. In the KEYWORD
field, the first alphabet of chemicals and food are discussed in the text..
Others are from tables. Entered twice for large KEYWORD field. This is a
bound version of JAOAC v.74, Sept / Oct 1991
US FDA. 1992. Residue monitoring 1991. J AOAC International. 75(5).
135A-157A. In the KEYWORD field, chemicals and food in the first alphabet
are discussed in the text. Others are from tables. Entered three times for
large KEYWORD field
US FDA. Sept / Oct 1995. Pesticide program residue monitoring 1994. .
. 24. Reprint of article: Journal of AOAC International, vol. 78, Sept
/ Oct 1995. Only detected chemicals are listed in keyword field. Multiple
entries due to large keyword field.
US FDA Pesticide Program. 1993. Residue Monitoring 1993. . . .
Multiple entries for large keyword field
US GAO. April 1993. Lawn care pesticides: Reregistration falls further
behind and exposure effects are uncertain. . . 41. GAO /
RCED-93-80. Includes: reregistration delays; uncertainty of human health
risks. Text discusses 2,4-D and diazinon in more detail. Second alphabet of
chemicals in Keyword field appear only in table 1.2 showing number of
registered products and number of products with lawn & garden uses
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. April 1994. Pesticide data
program: Summary of 1992 data. . . 105.
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. Science and Technology Division.
1998. Pesticide data program: Annual summary calendar year 1996. . .
85. Chemicals in keyword field were detected EXCEPT 2,4-D and 2,4-DB.
Milk samples were tested for 2,4-D and 2,4-DB but no residues were found.
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. Science and Technology Division.
1998. Pesticide data program: Annual summary calendar year 1997. . .
111. Extra details on: aldicarb on potatoes; fresh vs. processed green
beans & apples; imported grapes, peaches & tomatoes. Chemicals in keyword
field were detected
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. Science and Technology Division.
May 1997. Pesticide data program: Annual summary calendar year 1995. .
. . Chemicals in keyword field were detected EXCEPT 2,4-D, abamectin ,
fenamiphos.. 2,4-D was tested for in peaches, peas, potatoes, and sweet
corn and not found. Abamectin was tested for in oranges and not found.
Fenamiphos was not found (MRM) in any produce
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. Science Division. June 1995.
Pesticide data program: Annual summary calendar year 1993. . . 72.
Multiple entries due to large keyword field
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. June 1993. Agricultural
chemical usage: Vegetables. 1992 Summary. . . 270. Multiple entries
due to large keyword field
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Mar 1992. Agricultural
chemical usage. 1991 Field crops summary. . . 150. Entered four
times for large KEYWORD field
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Agricultural Statistics
Board. June 1994. Agricultural Chemical Usage: 1993 fruits summary.
. . 146. Multiple entries due to large keyword field
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Agricultural Statistics
Board. March 1993. Agricultural chemical usage: 1992 field crops
summary. . . 118. Entered three times for large keyword field
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Agricultural Statistics
Board. March 1994. Agricultural chemical usage: 1993 field crops
summary. . . 114. Multiple entries for large keyword field
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Economic Research Service..
July 1997. Agricultural Chemical Usage: Vegetables, 1996 Summary. .
. 152. AgCh 1 (97). Chemicals in keyword field are from the list on
p. 146 - 149. Some of these may not actually appear in main tables.
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service / USDA Economic Research
Service. July 1995. Agricultural chemical usage: Vegetables, 1994
summary. . . 289. Multiple entries due to large keyword field
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service / USDA Economic Research
Service. July 1996. Agricultural chemical usage: 1995 fruits summary..
. . 152.
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service / USDA Economic Research
Service. July 1998. Agricultural chemical usage: 1997 fruits summary..
. . 159.
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service / USDA Economic Research
Service. June 1991. Agricultural chemical usage: 1990 vegetables
summary. . . 118. Multiple entries for large keyword field
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service / USDA Economic Research
Service. June 1992. Agricultural chemical usage: 1991 fruits and nuts
summary. . . 167. Multiple entries for large keyword field
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service / USDA Economic Research
Service. March 1991. Agricultural chemical usage: 1990 field crops
summary. . . 154. Entered twice for large keyword field
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service / USDA Economic Research
Service. May 1998. Agricultural chemical usage: 1997 Field crops
summary. . . 98.
Walker, K / Liebman, J / Pease, W. 1995. Pesticide-induced disruptions
of agricultural ecosystems. . . 52. An Environmental Health Policy
Program Report. Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School
of Public Health. University of California, Berkeley
Washington. Dept. of Ecology. Toxics Cleanup Program / Atkinson, E.
1992. Chemicals of special concern in Washington State. July 1992. .
. 200. Black Plastic binding, 11in. Multiple entries due to large
KEYWORD field.
Washington. Dept. of Labor & Industries. Nov 18, 1991. Farm worker
health & safety in Washington State: a look at workers' compensation data..
. . 20. Includes tables of 1990 pesticide claims
Washington. PIRT / Washington. Dept. of Health. Environmental Health
Programs. Pesticide Section. 1992. Pesticide Incident Reporting and
Tracking Review Panel. Annual Report 1991. [keywords for incidents
reported to the Dept. of Health]. . . 219.
Washington. PIRT / Washington. Dept. of Health. Environmental Health
Programs. Pesticide Section. Feb 1993. Pesticide Incident Reporting and
Tracking Review Panel. Annual Report 1992. [keywords for incidents
reported to the Dept. of Health]. . . 273.
Washington. PIRT / Washington. Dept. of Health. Environmental Health
Programs. Pesticide Section. Jan 1991. Pesticide Incident Reporting and
Tracking Review Panel. Annual Report 1990. [keywords for incidents reported
to the Dept. of Agriculture]. . . 117.
Watt, MP / Gauntlett, Ba / Blakeway, EC. March 1996. Effect of
anti-fungal agents on in vitro cultures of Eucalyptus grandis.. South
African Forestry Journal. 175. 23-27. Efficacy type study: Young,
small shoot explants of E. grandis were multiplied in the presence of 0.5
and 1 g/litre benomyl, 0.25 and 0.5 g/litre chlorothalonil, 0.36 and 0.72
g/litre propamocarb hydrochloride and 0.002 5 g/litre Amphotericin B. The
multiplied shoots were then regenerated into plantlets in fungicide-free
medium and hardened off. At the concentrations tested, benomyl and
chlorothalonil significantly inhibited survival, multiplication and growth,
and these phytotoxic effects persisted after transfer to soil. At 0.36
g/litre, propamocarb hydrochloride did not significantly affect the total
yield and development of plants, and Amphotericin B exhibited an
hormone-like positive effect on growth. On the basis of these results and
on the broad range antifungal activity of propamocarb hydrochloride, this
fungicide appears to be a good agent for the eradication of fungal
infections in eucalyptus cultures.
Wesseling, C / Castillo, L / Elinder, CG. 1993. Pesticide poisonings
in Costa Rica. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health.
19. 227-235. Paraquat produced more deaths than any other pesticide no
matter what tha cause of the poisoning. The agricultural labor force was
identified as the population at highest risk, not only for occupational
poisonings, but also for non-occupational poisonings. Severe pesticide
poisonings are often linked to suicides. Our results are different in that
only 24% of the hospitalized cases with a known cause were suicidal.
Wesseling, C / Castillo, Luisa / Elinder, CG. 1993. Pesticide
poisonings in Costa Rica. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental
Health. 19. 227-235. Ninety percent of the occupational poisonings
occurred among agricultural field workers. Seven percent of the poisonings
occurred in other types of agriculture-related workers: fruit and flower
packers, pesticide formulators, pesticide storekeepers, airstrip workers,
pesticide salesmen, agricultural equipment mechanics, agronomists, and
gardeners. Banana production was by far the most mentioned economic
activity in the reports, followed by decorative plant and flower
production, sugarcane, coffee, pineapple, and pesticide formulator
factories. Poisonings of female workers occurred mainly in the production
of decorative plants and flowers, bananas, or pineapples. [continued in
next entry -- #197]
Wiles, R / Campbell, C / Environmental Working Group. 1993. Pesticides
in children's food. . . 88. Many FDA labs look only for a limited
number of chemicals. Labs using more screens find more pesticide residues.
Private labs looking for specific residues (eg. those known to be used on
crop) find even more. EPA risk policy does not consider either age or
multiple exposure. Several analyses show children could exceed EPA's
"acceptable" lifetime cancer risk (one in one million) many times over by
the age of six. Multiple entries due to large KEYWORD field.
Wiles, R / Campbell, C / Environmental Working Group. 1993. Pesticides
in children's food. . . 88. Many FDA labs look only for a limited
number of chemicals. Labs using more screens find more pesticide residues.
Private labs looking of r specific residues (eg. those known to be used on
crop) find even more. EPA risk policy does not consider either age or
multiple exposure. Several analyses show children could exceed EPA's
"acceptable" lifetime cancer risk (one in one million) many times over by
the age of six. Multple entries due to large KEYWORD field.
Wiles, R / Campbell, C / Environmental Working Group. 1994. Washed,
peeled, contaminated: pesticide residues in ready-to-eat fruits and
vegetables. . . 32.
Wiles, R / Campbell, C / Environmental Working Group. Oct 21, 1993.
Testimony before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, House
Committee on Energy and Commerce. . . 7.
Wiles, R / Davies, K / Elderkin, S / Environmental Working Group. Nov
1995. A shopper's guide to pesticides in produce. . . 46. The
twelve most contaminated crops are discussed in text: strawberries, bell
peppers, spinach, cherries, cantaloupe, celery, apples, apricots, green
beans, grapes, cucumbers. Other crops are found in tables.
Woodruff, TJ / Kyle, AD / Bois, FY. Dec 1994. Evaluating health risks
from occupational exposure to pesticides and the regulatory response.
Environmental Health Perspectives. 102(12). 1088-1096. None of the
pesticides identified as priorities in this study has been found to meet
current standards for review (though four have been canceled). Only three
of the nine pesticides subjected to special review because of concerns
about cancer resulted in additional protective provisions. For chronic
effects, few reviews have been intiated and completed. Key risk reduction
measures are based on acute risks. The proposed personal protective
equipment requirements are generally tied to acute toxicity. This means
that significant, preventable exposures to pesticides with chronic or
cancer effects may occur without protection.
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